The+Gold+Catchers~+Central+and+South

Central and Southern Africa  ·  What was the African National Congress (ANC)? The ANC was a major part of Africa’s history. This organization was helped Africans to gain political and civil rights for all South Africans. Until 1991 when South Africans gained civil rights Europeans in South Africa denied equal rights to blacks. Three countries: Tanzania, Zambia, and Zimbabwe adopted the ANC anthem as there national anthem. The ANC national anthem is “Bless, O Lord, our land of Africa. Lift its name and make its people free. Take the gifts we offer unto Thee. Hear us faithful sons. Hear us faithful sons.”



 ·  What was the National Union of Mineworkers? (NUM) NUM was a group of mineworkers who relied on one another, and did not think themselves to be individuals, but a group of  people who work together. This group was very important to Africans, because it gave them a new type of identity. Group identity is important to most Africans. Before that group came along, Africans only had to types of group identity; Family and Ethnic group. Although this group was illegal at the time, it helped with the drive for equal rights.



Up until the 1990’s the European people ruled South Africa. During 1923 the people were separated into groups by the color of their skin. For example Africans were one group. They were known as the blacks. The European descents were known as the white. Some one even with a mixed ancestry was known as the colored. Who could forget the Asians they were the fourth group. Every one of the groups had to struggle to show and gain their freedom. Gaining their freedom created a sense of nationalism among blacks. Unlike whites, who were the settlers. Blacks wanted to see themselves as blacks running the nation. They wanted to be part in the nation. They wanted to be equal. But they fought. The movement toke a long time so it inspired other countries to do the same. It toke around 70 years.
 * Why was there color groups in South Africa?



 http://www.literacyrules.com/Black%20History/JimCrow56.jpg
 * Why was segregation legal? **
 * The reason segregation was legal is simple. The white’s ruled the government system, so the basically controlled all aspects of the other ethnic groups lives. While being in control the white’s (who were decedents of the Europeans,) felt that they were better than all the other ethnicities, and therefore they should make laws to prove it. In America this was called the Jim Crow system, but in Africa it was called apartheid, which means separateness. These laws classified people in the orders, and groups that the European’s thought they belonged to. The order, from most, to least important, was: White, Colored (or a mix of black and white), Asians (which consisted of mostly Indians), and then at the bottom, Blacks. They were at the bottom because they had almost no rights. They could only drink form certain water fountains/ go to certain bathrooms, get certain jobs, live in certain areas, and eat at certain restaurants. However once Nelson Mandela became president in 1994, he made sure that everyone got equal rights. This really helped the African’s eliminate segregation. **

Vocab Word:

Migrant Workers; People who move from place to place to find work.

Descent: Someone who came from another country.

Apartheid-The Sout African system in which racial groups were seperated and racail discrimination was legal.

All information in the paragraph(s) above can be found in the //__Prentice Hall World Explorer: Eastern Hemisphere__// Geography text book.